Basic rules are followed to create an IUPAC name for an organic compound: Identify the principal functional group and substituent. This can be done by selecting the class of the chemical compound. For example, an alcohol represents an R-OH group. Identify the longest continuous chain that contains this principal functional group. This defines the root name. The other groups that are attached to this root name are called substituents. Perform numbering for the principal functional group and substituents.
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