Light water cooled graphite moderated reactor. Also known as RBMK. Using light water for cooling and graphite for moderation, it is possible to use natural uranium for fuel. Load Factor, also called Capacity Factor, for a given period, is the ratio of the energy which the power reactor unit has produced over that period divided by the energy it would have produced at its reference power capacity over that period. Reference energy generation net is the energy that Full Description Close Load Factor.
Long Term Shutdown, also called Suspended Operation, is reactor unit status. A reactor is considered in Long Term Shutdown status from the Long-term Shutdown date to the Restart Date, if it has been shut down for an extended period usually more than one year and any of the following Megawatt MW. In the electric power industry, megawatt electrical abbreviation: MWe or MW e is a term that refers to electric power, while megawatt thermal or thermal megawatt abbreviations: MWt, MWth refers to thermal power.
A megawatt hour MWh or MW. It is an energy equal to kilowatts of electricity used continuously for one hour. Non-electrical Application. This energy is also reported into PRIS.
A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is one or more nuclear reactors. As in a conventional thermal power station the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to a generator which produces electricity.
Percentage share by country of electricity generation mix for nuclear power. The ratio of the nuclear electricity production, to the total electricity production from all sources in a country. The NSSS consists of a nuclear reactor and all of the components necessary to produce high pressure steam, which is used to turn the turbine for the electrical generator.
On-line Hours. Total number of hours in the reporting period during which the unit was operated with at least one main generator connected to the grid. Operation factor is defined as the ratio of the number of hours the unit was on-line to the total number of hours in the reference period, expressed as a percentage.
Full Description Close Operation Factor. In PRIS a reactor is considered as 'operational' or 'in operation' from its first grid connection to permanent shutdown. Full Description Close Operational Reactor. It is the company which currently operates the nuclear power plant. For the purpose of PRIS coding, the 'outage' is defined as any status of a reactor unit, when its actual output power is lower than the reference unit power for a period of time.
By this definition, the outage includes both power reduction and unit shutdown. The PRIS outage coding is primarily focused on reporting power production losses. It is the company which owns a nuclear power plant majority. Permanent Shutdown Date. The date, when the plant is officially declared by the owner to be taken out of commercial operation and shut down permanently without any intention to re-start the unit.
The rate of producing, transferring, or using energy, most commonly associated with electricity. Power is measured in watts and often expressed in kilowatts kW or megawatts MW. A nuclear reactor is a device to initiate and control a sustained nuclear chain reaction.
In a power reactor, the energy released is used as heat to make steam to generate electricity. A pressurised heavy water reactor PHWR is a nuclear power reactor, commonly using unenriched natural uranium as its fuel, that uses heavy water deuterium oxide D2O as its coolant and moderator. Pressurized light water moderated and cooled reactor. In a PWR, the reactor core heats water, which does not boil.
This hot water then exchanges heat with a lower pressure water system, which turns to steam and drives the turbine. A web-based reporting application used by registered users to produce reports and statistics from PRIS. More info: prisweb. Reactor Model.
The reactor model identifies a specific reactor design series e. All models of the same reactor type usually have the same basic design charactersitics moderator and coolant type and Full Description Close Reactor Model. One of the stages of a power reactor during its lifecycle: - Under construction - Operational - In long-term shutdown - Permanently shut down. Full Description Close Reactor Type. The point at which an electric steam plant is distinguished from an electric plant is defined as follows: Inlet flange of throttle valve on prime mover.
Flange of all steam extraction lines on prime mover. Hot well pump outlet on condensate lines. Inlet flange of all turbine-room auxiliaries. Connection to line side of motor starter for all boiler-plant equipment. Maintenance of structures expenses : The cost of labor, materials, and expenses incurred in maintenance of power production structures.
Structures include all buildings and facilities to house, support, or safeguard property or persons. Maintenance supervision and engineering expenses: The cost of labor and expenses incurred in the general supervision and direction of the maintenance of power generation stations. The supervision and engineering included consists of the pay and expenses of superintendents, engineers, clerks, other employees, and consultants engaged in supervising and directing the maintenance of each utility function.
Direct supervision and engineering of specific activities, such as fuel handling, boiler room operations, generator operations, etc. Major electric utility: A utility that, in the last 3 consecutive calendar years, had sales or transmission services exceeding one of the following 1 1 million megawatthours of total annual sales; 2 megawatthours of annual sales for resale; 3 megawatthours of annual gross interchange out; or 4 megawatthours of wheeling deliveries plus losses for others.
Major energy sources: Fuels or energy sources such as electricity, fuel oil, natural gas, district steam, district hot water, and district chilled water. District chilled water is not included in any totals for the sum of major energy sources or fuels; all other major fuels are included in these totals. Major fuels: Fuels or energy sources such as: electricity, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases, natural gas, district steam, district hot water, and district chilled water.
Major interstate pipeline company: A company whose combined sales for resale, including gas transported interstate or stored for a fee, exceeded 50 million thousand cubic feet in the previous year. Make-up air: Air brought into a building from outside to replace exhaust air. Manhattan Project: The U. Government project that produced the first nuclear weapons during World War II.
Started in , the Manhattan Project formally ended in The project was named for the Manhattan Engineer District of the U.
Army Corps of Engineers. Manual dimmer switches: These are like residential-style dimmer switches. They are not generally used with fluorescent and high-intensity discharge HID lamps.
Manufactured gas: A gas obtained by destructive distillation of coal or by the thermal decomposition of oil, or by the reaction of steam passing through a bed of heated coal or coke. Examples are coal gases, coke oven gases, producer gas, blast furnace gas, blue water gas, carbureted water gas. Btu content varies widely. Manufacturing: An energy-consuming subsector of the industrial sector that consists of all facilities and equipment engaged in the mechanical, physical, chemical, or electronic transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products.
Assembly of component parts of products is included, except for that which is included in construction. Manufacturing division: One of 10 fields of economic activity defined by the Standard Industrial Classification Manual. The manufacturing division includes all establishments engaged in the mechanical or chemical transformation of materials or substances into new products. The other divisions of the U. Manufacturing establishment: An economic unit at a single physical location where mechanical or chemical transformation of materials or substances into new products are performed.
Marginal cost: The change in cost associated with a unit change in quantity supplied or produced. Marine freight: Freight transported over rivers, canals, the Great Lakes, and domestic ocean waterways. Market clearing price: The price at which supply equals demand for the Day-ahead or hour-ahead markets. Market price contract: A contract in which the price of uranium is not specifically determined at the time the contract is signed but is based instead on the prevailing market price at the time of delivery.
A market price contract may include a floorprice, that is, a lower limit on the eventual settled price. The floorprice and the method of price escalation generally are determined when the contract is signed. The contract may also include a price ceiling or a discount from the agreed-upon market price reference.
Market price settlement uranium : The price paid for uranium delivery under a market-price contract. The price is commonly but not always determined at or sometime before delivery and may be related to a floor price, ceiling price, or discount. Market-based pricing: Prices of electric power or other forms of energy determined in an open market system of supply and demand under which prices are set solely by agreement as to what buyers will pay and sellers will accept.
Such prices could recover less or more than full costs, depending upon what the buyers and sellers see as their relevant opportunities and risks. Marketable coke: See Petroleum coke, marketable. Marketed energy: An energy source that is commercially traded. Typically, this energy is sold by a producer, such as a petroleum refiner, through a transmission and distribution network e.
Marketed production: Gross withdrawals less gas used for repressuring, quantities vented and flared, and nonhydrocarbon gases removed in treating or processing operations. Includes all quantities of gas used in field and processing plant operations. Masonry: A general term covering wall construction using masonry materials such as brick, concrete block, stone, and tile that are set in mortar; also included is stucco.
The category does not include concrete panels because concrete panels represent a different method of constructing buildings. Concrete panels are reported separately. Masonry stove: A type of heating appliance similar to a fireplace, but much more efficient and clean burning. They are made of masonry and have long channels through which combustion gases give up their heat to the heavy mass of the stove, which releases the heat slowly into a room. Often called Russian or Finnish fireplaces.
Mass burn facility: A type of municipal solid waste MSW incineration facility in which MSW is burned with only minor presorting to remove oversize, hazardous, or explosive materials. Master-metering: Measurement of electricity or natural gas consumption of several tenants or housing units using a single meter. That is, one meter measures the energy usage for several households collectively.
Maximum deliverability: The maximum rate natural gas can be withdrawn from or injected into a storage field when filled to maximum capacity.
Maximum demand: The greatest of all demands of the load that has occurred within a specified period of time. Maximum dependable capacity, net: The gross electrical output measured at the output terminals of the turbine generator s during the most restrictive seasonal conditions, less the station service load.
Maximum established site capacity reactors : The maximum established spent fuel capacity for the site is defined by DOE as the maximum number of intact assemblies that will be able to be stored at some point in the future between the reporting date and the reactor's end of life taking into account any established or current studies or engineering evaluations at the time of submittal for licensing approval from the NRC.
Maximum generator nameplate capacity: The maximum rated output of a generator, prime mover, or other electric power production equipment under specific conditions designated by the manufacturer.
Maximum hourly load: This is determined by the interval in which the minute integrated demand is the greatest. Maximum streamflow: The maximum rate of water flow past a given point during a specified period. Mean indoor temperature: The "usual" temperature. If different sections of the house are kept at different temperatures, the reported temperature is for the section where the people are. A thermostat setting is accepted if the temperature is not known.
Mean operating hours: The arithmetic average number of operating hours per building is the weighted sum of the number of operating hours divided by the weighted sum of the number of buildings.
Mean power output of a wind turbine : The average power output of a wind energy conversion system at a given mean wind speed based on a Raleigh frequency distribution. Mean square feet per building: The arithmetic average square feet per building is the weighted sum of the total square feet divided by the weighted sum of the number of buildings.
Measured heated area of residence: The floor area of the housing unit that is enclosed from the weather and heated.
Basements are included whether or not they contain finished space. Garages are included if they have a wall in common with the house. Attics that have finished space and attics that have some heated space are included. Crawl spaces are not included even if they are enclosed from the weather. Sheds and other buildings that are not attached to the house are not included. Rooms that are shut off during the heating season to save on fuel are not counted.
Attached garages that are unheated and unheated areas in the attics and basements are also not counted. Measured reserves: See Proved energy reserves. Measured resources, coal: Coal resources for which estimates of the rank, quality, and quantity have been computed, within a margin of error of less than 20 percent, from sample analyses and measurements from closely spaced and geologically well known sample sites.
Measured resources are computed from dimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, mine workings, and drill holes. Energy and power part II.
Power and Electricity Cost Physics. Electric Power The proportional rate of the amount of current being sent through a circuit to the amount of voltage. Similar presentations. Upload Log in. My presentations Profile Feedback Log out. Log in. Auth with social network: Registration Forgot your password? Download presentation. Cancel Download. Presentation is loading. Please wait. Copy to clipboard. Presentation on theme: "History a bit.
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