Bird flu avian influenza. Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. How avian influenza virus is spread Symptoms of bird flu Complications of bird flu Tell your doctor if you have been to a country where there is bird flu Influenza viruses can mutate Australia is ready to respond to an outbreak Treatment and vaccines for bird flu Advice for travellers and Australians living overseas Where to get help Things to remember.
How avian influenza virus is spread Water birds such as wild ducks are believed to be the carriers of all avian influenza type A viruses. Symptoms of bird flu Although there have been too few human cases to determine the exact incubation period of bird flu, it would be expected to be from three to 10 days. The symptoms of bird flu in humans are similar to those of regular influenza and include: fever sore throat cough headache aching muscles.
Complications of bird flu Bird flu in humans can cause a range of serious and potentially fatal complications, including: eye infections pneumonia, including viral pneumonia acute respiratory distress inflammation of the brain and heart. Tell your doctor if you have been to a country where there is bird flu If you have recently returned from a country that had an outbreak of bird flu and you get flu symptoms, see your doctor immediately.
Influenza viruses can mutate Influenza viruses that infect animal species can mutate and infect humans. Australia is ready to respond to an outbreak Federal and state governments have been working together to plan their response to an outbreak of bird flu.
Treatment and vaccines for bird flu Several antiviral medications used to treat human influenza are also effective for bird flu. Advice for travellers and Australians living overseas People making short visits to affected countries do not need to have antiviral medications. Suggestions include: Avoid contact with wild or domesticated birds. Stop young children from putting contaminated objects or their own fingers into their mouths.
Eggshells may be contaminated with bird faeces. Wash eggs thoroughly before breaking and wash your hands thoroughly after handling eggs. Avoid foods that contain uncooked egg, such as mayonnaise. Wash hands, chopping boards and utensils thoroughly after handling raw poultry. Cook poultry at high temperatures. Exposure to birds, bird faeces or feathers is the most likely way for a human to catch bird flu.
See a doctor immediately if you have recently returned from a country that has had an outbreak of bird flu and you get flu symptoms. Give feedback about this page. Most human infections with avian influenza viruses, including HPAI Asian H5N1 viruses, have occurred after prolonged and close contact with infected birds.
Rare human-to-human spread with this virus has occurred, but it has not been sustained and no community spread of this virus has ever been identified. The H5N1 virus recently detected in U. Flu viruses are constantly changing and animal flu viruses can change such that they may gain the ability to infect people easily and spread among people, causing a pandemic. Human infections with novel avian influenza virus like Asian H5N1 are concerning because of this pandemic potential.
CDC takes routine public health preparedness measures whenever a virus with pandemic potential is identified. Because Asian H5N1 continues to circulate and has been responsible for a number of human infections, Asian H5 preparedness efforts have been extensive. Asian H5N1 vaccine is being stockpiled for pandemic preparedness by the United States government. Japan has an egg-laying flock of around million hens and a broiler population of million, according to the ministry of agriculture.
Subscribe for our daily curated newsletter to receive the latest exclusive Reuters coverage delivered to your inbox. More from Reuters. Complete the biosecurity self-assessment checklist and retain for inspection if requested by representatives from APHA or Local Authorities. PDF , KB , 25 pages. ODT , This file is in an OpenDocument format.
PDF , 1. We encourage all keepers to register their birds with us, and keep contact details up to date, so we can contact you quickly if there is a disease outbreak in your area and you need to take action. If you have more than 50 birds, you are legally required to register your flock within one month of their arrival at your premises.
If you have less than 50 birds, including pet birds, you are still strongly encouraged to register. Find out how to register your birds. You must keep a close watch on your birds for any signs of disease, and must seek prompt advice from your vet if you have any concerns.
If you suspect avian influenza you must report it immediately by calling the Defra Rural Services Helpline on You can exercise and train pigeons or fly birds of prey, including for pest control, but they should avoid direct contact with wild birds. For further information see our biosecurity guidance. You are advised not to feed any wild birds, in particular any wild shot or hunted wildfowl, to any birds of prey, during a period of heightened risk of avian influenza infection in wild birds.
This includes birds that may have been shot or hunted earlier in the year, since the virus can remain viable in frozen carcases for at least 12 months. Once game birds have been released, they are classified as wild birds. You can continue to feed and water released game birds but you should make reasonable efforts to minimise the chance of other wild birds accessing their feed and water, for example by placing it under cover.
You should use commercial feed and fresh or treated water. Additional restrictions will apply when disease control zones are in place. Definitive requirements for disease control zones will be set out in published declarations. See the avian influenza: cases and disease control zones in England guidance.
The vaccination of poultry and most captive birds against avian influenza is not currently permitted. Vaccination is not a routine control measure and is a practice restricted by legislation.
Vaccination of zoo birds is only permitted in England subject to meeting eligibility criteria and receiving authorisation. Only zoos or collections holding a current zoo licence can apply for an authorisation to vaccinate.
For further information see our avian influenza vaccination guidance. Highly pathogenic avian influenza HPAI is the more serious type.
It is often fatal in birds. The main clinical signs of HPAI in birds which can include any or a combination of the following are:. Clinical signs can vary between species of bird and some species for example ducks and geese may show minimal clinical signs. Low pathogenic avian influenza LPAI is usually less serious and may show more vague clinical signs. It can cause mild breathing problems and reduction of egg production, but affected birds will not always show clear signs of infection.
The severity of LPAI depends on the type of bird and whether it has any other illnesses. Anyone who keeps poultry must keep a close watch on them for any signs of disease, and must seek prompt advice from their vet if they have any concerns. Avian influenza spreads from bird to bird by direct contact or through contaminated body fluids and faeces.
It can also be spread by contaminated feed and water or by dirty vehicles, clothing and footwear. The avian influenza virus changes frequently, creating new strains, and there is a constant risk that one of the new strains may spread easily among people.
The regional UKHSA Health Protection Teams are working closely with Defra to monitor the situation and will be providing health advice to persons at the infected premises as a precaution. The NHS website has further information and if you employ people who work with poultry or work with poultry yourself, you can also read Health and Safety Executive advice on protecting workers from avian influenza.
In Great Britain, if you find dead wild waterfowl swans, geese or ducks or other dead wild birds, such as gulls or birds of prey, you should report them to the Defra helpline 33 55 77 - select option 7.
We publish a report updated regularly on findings of highly pathogenic avian influenza bird flu in wild birds in Great Britain and provide further details in our outbreak assessments. The carcasses of wild animals, other than wild game, are exempt from the animal by-product ABP rules in the UK. However, if it is suspected that the animals were infected with a disease which can spread to people or animals such as avian influenza, the carcases must be disposed of as a category 1 ABP.
See our guidance on animal by-product disposal. See our guidance on how to report a dead or injured animal. After contacting the Defra Helpline 33 55 77 — select option 7 to report the dead wild birds, if the birds are not required for surveillance purposes, follow the advice below for their disposal. Gatherings of poultry, galliforme or anseriforme birds are not currently permitted. Anseriforme birds include ducks, geese and swans.
Bird gatherings include but are not limited to bird fairs, markets, shows, sales, exhibitions, vehicles used to transport live birds where the birds are brought together from multiple premises and some premises used for dealing or internet sales. Further information can be found in our guidance for bird gatherings. A collection of guidance and forms for importing and exporting live animals or animal products is available.
There are, therefore, some restrictions on exports of affected commodities to third countries. Trade in poultry and poultry related products with third countries that do not require whole UK avian influenza country freedom may continue on the basis of the conditions included in the export health certificates, unless otherwise notified by the importing country.
Agreed export health certificates between the UK and importing countries are considered and issued on a case-by-case basis and can be certified by an Official Veterinarian only if the consignment meets the requirements set out in the export health certificates in full. Exports from Great Britain to the EU of live poultry or poultry products are not permitted from disease control zones. To avoid disruption to trade, the European Commission has requested that EU countries consider continuing to accept certified poultry and poultry products from the UK, if they originate outside the restricted areas.
EU trade relies on strict certification for movement of live poultry, day old chicks and hatching eggs. Products such as poultry meat, table eggs and poultry products are not subject to certification within the EU. These are generally areas near where wild birds and in particular gulls and wild waterfowl gather, such as lakes, marshes or estuaries. Check if your premises is within an HRA on our interactive map.
If all or part of your premises is in a Higher Risk Area you should follow biosecurity advice to protect your birds. This indicates that migratory wild waterfowl ducks, geese and swans and gulls pose a continual threat for the introduction of avian influenza into premises where poultry, game birds, pet and other captive birds are kept. EU regulations require that member states identify areas of the country where the risk of avian influenza flu is deemed to be highest.
We have published more detail of the rationale and approach behind Higher Risk Areas. If you are planning a new poultry unit you should take into account the risk of HPAI where the unit is planned. Cases of avian influenza, if they occur, are controlled by following the contingency plan for exotic notifiable diseases and the notifiable avian disease control strategy.
You can read what happens when a notifiable disease is suspected or confirmed. See our postcode tool to find details of how to contact your LAAHF with any reports of non-compliance.
You may be entitled to compensation if healthy birds are killed under orders from government or APHA in the event of a disease outbreak. Owners are not entitled to compensation solely as a result of the requirements of a disease control zone or for other consequential losses. See our notifiable avian disease control strategy and guidance on compensation for animals culled to control animal diseases for further information.
Also updated the AIPZ section. Avian influenza H5N1 has been confirmed in a small poultry unit at a premises near Alcester, Bidford, Warwickshire. Updated to reflect changes to the bird gatherings general licence. From 8 November no gatherings of poultry, galliforme birds or anseriforme birds are permitted.
Updated to reflect that the case of avian influenza in the Angus constituency in Scotland to be a highly pathogenic strain HPAI H5N1 after further testing. Added links to guidance on avian influenza cases and disease control zones in England. Moved the movement controls and licences details for England cases to this guidance. A case of avian influenza H5N1 has also been confirmed in birds at a premises in the Angus constituency in Scotland. Updated to reflect that the 3km Protection Zone and 10km Surveillance Zone have been amended and 3km and 10km Captive Bird Monitoring Controlled Zones have been declared around the rescue centre near Droitwich Spa, Wychavon, Worcestershire.
Updated the meat from poultry within a Protection Zone in England general licences. Added details on general and specific licensing for Protection and Surveillance Zones in the movement controls and licences section including application requesting exemption from restrictions EXD form.
The 3km and 10km Temporary Control Zone have been revoked and replaced by a 3km Protection and a 10km Surveillance Zone around the premises.
Added section of risk levels. Updated to reflect that a new case of avian influenza H5N1 has been confirmed in birds at a rescue centre near Droitwich Spa, Worcestershire. Updated the section on 'Meat from poultry within a Protection Zone in England'. Updated to reflect that the UK is now free from avian influenza. Updated Rules on meat produced from poultry and farmed game birds originating in the Protection Zone guidance document.
Updated to reflect that the Surveillance Zone surrounding the premises near Uttoxeter, East Staffordshire was revoked. Updated to reflect that the Protection Zone surrounding the premises near Uttoxeter, East Staffordshire has been revoked and the area merged with the respective Surveillance Zone.
Updated to reflect that certain bird gatherings can take place in GB provided you notify the APHA and you meet the requirements of the General Licence. Updated to reflect that avian influenza H5N8 was confirmed in 2 captive peregrine falcons at a private residential premises near Skelmersdale, West Lancashire on 31 March Updated the 'Biosecurity and preventing welfare impacts in poultry and captive birds' publication and biosecurity checklist.
Replaced the 'Rules on meat produced from poultry and farmed game birds originating in the Protection Zone' document. Updated the latest situation section to reflect the housing measures component of the Avian Influenza Prevention Zone AIPZ will still be lifted at pm on 31 March Updated to reflect that after further laboratory testing, the case of avian influenza H5N8 in broiler chickens at a commercial premises near Uttoxeter, East Staffordshire has been confirmed as a highly pathogenic strain.
A 3km Protection and 10km Surveillance Zone has been put in place around the infected premises. Updated to reflect that after further laboratory testing, the case of avian influenza H5N3 in turkey breeders near Winsford, Cheshire West and Chester, has been confirmed as a low pathogenic strain. A 1km Temporary Movement Restriction Zone has been replaced with a 1km low pathogenic avian influenza Restricted Zone. Updated to reflect that avian influenza H5N8 pathogenicity to be confirmed was confirmed in broiler chickens at a commercial premises near Uttoxeter, East Staffordshire.
A 3km and 10km Temporary Control Zone has been declared around the premises. Updated to reflect that avian influenza H5N3 was confirmed in turkey breeders near Winsford, Cheshire West and Chester. A 1km Temporary Movement Restriction Zone has been declared around the premises. Updated the 'How to prepare for when your free-range birds can be let outside again' guidance document. Added information around H5N8 influenza of avian origin being detected in 3 seals and a fox that died at a wildlife rehabilitation centre in England.
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