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Please consider making payments or gifts on our secure online store. Please e-mail info asor. December No. May Vol. IV, No. Moses Leads the Exodus from Egypt. Dura-Europos synagogue mural, 3rd century CE. Edward Poynter, Israel in Egypt, Poster for the film. Cecil B. DeMille on the set of The Ten Commandments, Poster for the version of The Ten Commandments.
Moses came and told the people all the words of the LORD, and all the judgments: and all the people answered with one voice, and said, All the words which the LORD hath said will we do. But, what we have here is an example of complicated biblical editing reflecting the interaction of two or more separate traditions.
God announced the commandments in Ex. In the last verse of the chapter he says,. Neither shalt thou go up by steps unto mine altar, that thy nakedness be not discovered thereon. The original source document containing those verses resumed at Ex. Did he really have to re-read what God had already told them in such an unforgettable manner, or did he have to read it to them because it contained the much longer collection of Judgments that only he heard?
After some ceremonial acceptance of the covenant, God invited Moses back up the mountain. And the LORD said unto Moses, Come up to me into the mount, and be there: and I will give thee tables of stone, and a law, and commandments which I have written; that thou mayest teach them. In this passage we have the first reference to stone tablets. Moses went back up the mountain but instead of receiving the indicated tablets, he had another long conversation with God, this time about the design of a sanctuary and an ark and the contents of the sanctuary and the dress of the priests and related matters Ex.
Among the instructions was a direction that anyone who violates the Sabbath rest be put to death. After this lengthy set of instructions about how to properly worship the Lord, God finally handed over the tablets.
And he gave unto Moses, when he had made an end of communing with him upon mount Sinai, two tables of testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God.
When Moses returned and discovered what his brother had done, violating two of the new commandments that had been previously announced to the people, he angrily smashed the tablets. Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first: and I will write upon these tables the words that were in the first tables, which thou brakest. Moses prepared the new tablets and returned before the Lord. In this second talk, God renewed the call for a covenant and said that if Israel followed the rules God would deliver Canaan to his people and drive out the enemies.
This was essentially the same covenant made earlier. This repetition of the covenant is necessary because it is part of the agreement to follow the commandments and had to be included in the written version.
It also means that the words that follow are the commandments that go with the covenant. God followed up the renewal of the covenant with another set of commandments but they were very different, as we will see. And he was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights; he did neither eat bread, nor drink water.
And he wrote upon the tables the words of the covenant, the ten commandments. In the opening of this passage we were told that the tablets would contain the very words that were on the broken tablets. Then follows the new set of commandments and a concluding statement that these are the Ten Commandments. What do they say? The numbers in front of each paragraph are intended to make it easier to separate out the commandments; they are not in the bible. The essential portion of each commandment is in boldface.
Take heed to thyself, lest thou make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land whither thou goest, lest it be for a snare in the midst of thee: But ye shall destroy their altars, break their images, and cut down their groves: For thou shalt worship no other god: for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God:. Lest thou make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, and they go a whoring after their gods, and do sacrifice unto their gods, and one call thee, and thou eat of his sacrifice; And thou take of their daughters unto thy sons, and their daughters go a whoring after their gods, and make thy sons go a whoring after their gods.
While there is considerable variation, Eastern Christians, Orthodox, and the majority of Protestants follow the order given by Origen, whereas Catholics and Lutherans follow the order given by St.
We know God gave Ten Commandments, because the Bible tells us so in Exodus , Deuteronomy , and the following passage:. Exodus 21 Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's goods house or fields, nor his male or female slaves, nor his ox or ass, or anything that belongs to him.
Deuteronomy
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